Estudo de Êxodo 20:14 – Comentado e Explicado

Não cometerás adultério.
Êxodo 20:14

Comentário de Thomas Coke

Êxodo 20:14 . Não cometerás adultério – Depois de garantir a vida, o Senhor passa a garantir a parte da propriedade que é tão querida, ou mais querida pelas criaturas humanas, quanto a própria vida. A palavra hebraica aqui usada ????? tinap, mostra claramente que a proibição neste mandamento se refere principalmente àquele ato de impureza conhecido pelo nome de adultério. ????e?a também, no grego, implica o mesmo. Aqui, novamente, como no mandamento anterior, nos referimos a Mateus 5:27 ; Mateus 5:48 onde parece que o que observamos na palavra é justo e onde encontraremos a lei estendida em toda a sua extensão espiritual. Veja Levítico 20:10, onde a morte é denunciada como punição do adultério; uma punição não peculiar à lei judaica: foi infligida ao adúltero pelas leis de várias nações pagãs.

Comentário de Adam Clarke

Não cometerás adultério – o adultério, conforme definido por nossas leis, é de dois tipos; duplo, quando entre duas pessoas casadas; solteira, quando uma das partes é casada, a outra solteira. Uma parte principal da criminalidade do adultério consiste em sua injustiça.

1. Isso rouba o direito de um homem, tirando dele o carinho de sua esposa.

Faz-lhe um mal ao ser pai e obrigando-o a manter como um filho falso – um filho que não é dele. O ato em si, e tudo o que o conduz, é proibido por esse mandamento; pois nosso Senhor diz: Mesmo aquele que vê uma mulher para cobiçá-la, já cometeu adultério com ela em seu coração. E não apenas o adultério (o comércio ilegal entre duas pessoas casadas) é proibido aqui, mas também a fornicação e todo tipo de impureza mental e sensual. Todos os livros, canções, pinturas, etc. impuros, que tendem a inflamar e debochar a mente, são contrários a essa lei, bem como a outras espécies de impurezas, pelas quais o leitor é referido; Veja a nota de Clarke em Gênesis 38:30 .

Essa fornicação foi incluída sob esse mandamento. Podemos reunir a partir de São Mateus, Mateus 15:19 , onde nosso Salvador expressa o sentido dos diferentes mandamentos por uma palavra para cada um e os menciona na ordem em que estão; mas quando chega ao sétimo, ele usa duas palavras, µ???e?a? p???e?a? , para expressar seu significado e depois segue para a oitava, etc .; mostrando, evidentemente, que a fornicação era entendida como compreendida sob o comando “Não cometerás adultério”. Quanto à palavra adultério, adulterio , provavelmente foi derivada das palavras ad alterius torum , para o leito de outra pessoa; pois vai para a cama de outro homem que constitui o ato e o crime. Adultério geralmente significa idolatria na adoração a Deus.

Comentário de John Wesley

Não cometerás adultério.

Não cometerás adultério – Este mandamento proíbe todos os atos de impureza, com todos esses desejos, que produzem esses atos e guerra contra a alma.

Comentário de John Calvin

Although one kind of impurity is alone referred to, it is sufficiently plain, from the principle laid down, that believers are generally exhorted to chastity; for, if the Law be a perfect rule of holy living, it would be more than absurd to give a license for fornication, adultery alone being excepted. Furthermore, it is incontrovertible that God will by no means approve or excuse before this tribunal, what the common sense of mankind declares to be obscene; for, although lewdness has everywhere been rampant in every age, still the opinion could never be utterly extinguished, that fornication is a scandal and a sin. Unquestionably what Paul teaches has been prevalently received from the beginning, that a good life consists of three parts, soberness, righteousness, and godliness, ( Titus 2:12 😉 and the soberness which he commands differs not from chastity. Besides, when Christ or the Apostles are treating of a perfect life, they always refer believers to the Law; for, as it had been said of old by Moses, “This is the way, walk ye in it;” (59) Christ confirms this,

“If thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments,” ( Matthew 19:17 😉

and Paul corroborates it, “He that loveth another hath fulfilled the Law,” ( Romans 13:8 ,) whilst they constantly pronounce a curse against all fornicators. It is not worth while to quote the particular passages in which they do so. Now, if Christ and the Apostles, who are the best interpreters of the Law, declare that God’s Law is violated no less by fornication than by theft, we assuredly infer, that in this Commandment the whole genus is comprehended under a single species . Wherefore, those have done nothing but betray their disgraceful ignorance, who have sought to be praised for their acuteness on the score of their ridiculous subtlety, when they admitted that fornication is indeed condemned with sufficient clearness and frequency in the New Testament, but not in the Law. For, if they had reasoned justly, inasmuch as God is declared to have blessed marriage, it must at once be concluded, on the contrary, that the connection of male and female, except in marriage, is accursed. This is the argument of the author of the Epistle to the Hebrews, where he contrasts two opposite things;

“Marriage (he says) is honorable in all, and the bed undefiled; but whoremongers and adulterers God will judge.”
( Hebrews 13:4 .)

So also, when God forbids the priest to marry a harlot, ( Leviticus 21:14 ,) the manifest impropriety of fornication is declared; and, if it was unlawful for the daughters of Israel to be harlots, ( Deuteronomy 23:17 ,) the same reasoning applies necessarily to males. Nor has Hosea taken that reproof from anywhere else but the Law? “Whoredom and wine take away the heart.” ( Hosea 4:11 .) Thus, when the Prophets metaphorically condemn the corruptions of their nation, they do not always use the same; word as Moses here does, ?? , naaph , but compare them to fornications, whereas, if fornication were lawful in itself, this metaphor would be altogether inappropriate. Hosea was commanded to take a harlot for a wife, ( Hosea 1:2 😉 no mention is made of adultery, and still the shame and baseness of the people is thus condemned. Who, then, would say that fornication is free from sin, since God brands it with no ordinary mark of ignominy? But if any should pertinaciously contest this, let him accuse Paul of error, who bears witness that an example is set before us in the Law, that we should. not “commit fornication as some of them committed, and fell in one day three-and-twenty thousand.” ( Numbers 25:9 ; 1 Corinthians 10:8 .) Surely, if they had not transgressed the Law, so horrible a vengeance would not have overwhelmed them. If any should object that the crime of idolatry was mixed up with it., still the declaration of Paul remains untouched, that God was the avenger of fornication in this infliction of punishment, which would not accord, unless it were a transgression of the Law. And in truth, where, as recorded by Luke, ( Acts 15:20 ,) the Apostles in their decree prohibit fornication amongst the Gentiles, the reason is at the same time added, that “Moses is read in the synagogues.” Now, if it were not a vice opposed to the Law, no offense would have hence arisen.

We have already explained why, under this word adultery, every impure lust was condemned. We know how unbridled was the licentiousness of the Gentiles; for, although God never suffered all shame to be extinguished together with their purity, still respect for what was right was in a manner stifled, so that they evaded the grossness of the sin by ribaldry and scurrilous jests. At any rate, the doctrine of Paul was by no means understood, that those who indulge in whoredom “sin against their own body.” ( 1 Corinthians 6:18 .)

Since, then, the minds of all men were stupified by indulgence, it was needful to arouse them by declaring the atrocity of the sin, that they might learn to beware of all pollution. Nor are unbridled lusts only here condemned, but God instructs His people to cherish modesty and chastity. The sum is, that those who desire to approve themselves to God, should be pure “from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit,” ( 2 Corinthians 7:1 😉 nor can we doubt but that Paul in these words would interpret the law, as he elsewhere exhorts,

“that everyone should possess his vessel in sanctification and honor; not in the lust of concupiscence, even as the Gentiles which know not God.” ( 1 Thessalonians 4:4 .)

Comentário de Joseph Benson

Êxodo 20:14 . Não cometerás adultério – Este mandamento proíbe todos os atos de impureza, com todos aqueles desejos que produzem esses atos e guerra contra a alma.