Estudo de Atos 1:20 – Comentado e Explicado

Pois está escrito no livro dos Salmos: Fique deserta a sua habitação, e não haja quem nela habite; e ainda mais: Que outro receba o seu cargo {Sl 68,26; 108,8}.
Atos 1:20

Comentário de Albert Barnes

Pois está escrito … – Veja Salmo 69:25 . Esta é a previsão sem dúvida a que Pedro se refere em Atos 1:16 . A passagem intermediária em Atos 1: 18-19 , provavelmente é um parêntese; as palavras de Lucas, não de Pedro. Calvin, Kuinoel, Olshausen, DeWette e Hackett entendem isso. Não é provável que Pedro introduza uma narrativa como essa, com a qual todos estavam familiarizados, em um discurso aos discípulos. O hebraico no Salmo é: “Que a sua habitação (hebraico: dobra, cercado de gado; torre ou palácio) seja desolada, e ninguém habite em suas tendas”. Esta citação não é feita literalmente do hebraico, nem da Septuaginta. O plural é alterado para o singular e existem outras pequenas variações. O hebraico é: “Não haja ninguém morando em suas tendas”. The reference to the tents is omitted in the quotation. The term “habitation,” in the Psalm, means evidently the dwelling-place of the enemies of the writer of the Psalm. It is an image expressive of their overthrow and defeat by a just God: “Let their families be scattered, and the places where they have dwelt be without an inhabitant, as a reward for their crimes.”

If the Psalm was originally composed with reference to the Messiah and his sufferings, the expression here was not intended to denote Judas in particular, but one of his foes who was to meet the just punishment of rejecting, betraying, and murdering him. The change, therefore, which Peter made from the plural to the singular, and the application to Judas especially “as one of those enemies,” accords with the design of the Psalm, and is such a change as the circumstances of the case justified and required. It is an image, therefore, expressive of judgment and desolation coming upon his betrayer – an image to be literally fulfilled in relation to his habitation, drawn from the desolation when a man is driven from his home, and when his dwelling-place becomes tenantless. It is not a little remarkable that this Psalm is repeatedly quoted as referring to the Messiah: Psalm 69:9 , “The zeal of thine house hath eaten me up,” expressly applied to Christ in John 2:17 , John 2:21 , “They gave me also gall for my meat; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink” – the thing which was done to Jesus on the cross, Matthew 27:34 .

The whole Psalm is expressive of deep sorrow of persecution, contempt, weeping, being forsaken, and is throughout applicable to the Messiah; with what is remarkable, not a single expression necessarily limited to David. It is not easy to ascertain whether the ancient Jews referred this Psalm to the Messiah. A part of the title to the Psalm in the Syriac version is, “It is called a prophecy concerning those things which Christ suffered, and concerning the casting away of the Jews.” The prophecy in Acts 1:25 is not to be understood of Judas alone, but of the enemies of the Messiah in general, of which Judas was one. On this principle the application to Judas of the passage by Peter is to be defended.

And his bishopric let another take – This is quoted from Psalm 109:8 , “Let his days be few, and let another take his office.” This is called “a Psalm of David,” and is of the same class as Psalm 6:1-10 ; Psalm 42:1-11 ; This class of Psalms is commonly supposed to have expressed David’s feelings in the calamitous times of the persecution by Saul, the rebellion of Absalom, etc. They are all also expressive of the condition of a suffering and persecuted Messiah, and many of them are applied to him in the New Testament. The general principle on which most of them are applicable is, not that David personated or typified the Messiah which is nowhere affirmed, and which can be true in no intelligible sense – but that he was placed in circumstances similar to the Messiah; was encompassed with like enemies; was persecuted in the same manner. They are expressive of high rank, office, dignity, and piety, cast down, waylaid, and encompassed with enemies.

In this way they express “general sentiments” as really applicable to the case of the Messiah as to David. They were placed in similar circumstances. The same help was needed. The same expressions would convey their feelings. The same treatment was proper for their enemies. On this principle it was that David deemed his enemy, whoever he was, unworthy of his office, and desired that it should be given to another. In like manner, Judas had rendered himself unworthy of his office, and there was the same propriety that it should be given to another. And as the office had now become vacant by the death of Judas, and according to one declaration in the Psalms, so, according to another, it was proper that it should be conferred on some other person. The word rendered “office” in the Psalm means the care, charge, business, oversight of anything. It is a word applicable to magistrates, whose care it is to see that the laws are executed; and to military men who have charge of an army, or a part of an army.

In Job 10:12 it is rendered “thy visitation.” In Numbers 4:16 , “and to the office of Eleazar,” etc. In the case of David it refers to those who were entrusted with military or other offices who had treacherously perverted them to persecute and oppose him, and who had thus shown themselves unworthy of the office. The Greek word which is used here, e?p?s??p?`? episkope¯nis taken from the Septuagint, and means the same thing as the Hebrew. It is well rendered in the margin “office, or charge.” It means charge or office in general, without in itself specifying of what kind. It is the concrete of the noun e?p?s??´p??? episkopouscommonly translated “bishop,” and means his office, charge, or duty. That word means simply having the oversight of anything, and as applied to the officers of the New Testament, it denotes merely “their having charge of the affairs of the church,” without specifying the nature or the extent of their jurisdiction.

Hence, it is often interchanged with presbyter or elder, and denotes the discharge of the duties of the same office: Acts 20:28 , “Take heed (presbyters or elders, Acts 20:17 ) to yourselves, and to all the flock over the which the Holy Spirit hath made you overseers” – e?p?s??´p??? episkopous- bishops; Hebrews 12:15 , “Looking diligently,” etc. – e?p?s??p????te? episkopountes Philemon 1:1 , “with the bishops and deacons”; “Paul called presbyters bishops, for they had at that time the same name” (Theodoret, as quoted by Sehleusner); 1 Peter 5:2 , “Feed the flock of God (that is, you who are elders, or presbyters, 1 Peter 5:1 ), taking the oversight thereof” – e?p?s??p????te? episkopountesThese passages show that the term in the New Testament designates the supervision or care which was exercised over the church, by whomsoever performed, without specifying the nature or extent of the jurisdiction. It is scarcely necessary to add that Peter here did not intend to affirm that Judas sustained any office corresponding to what is now commonly understood by the term “bishop.”

Comentário de Joseph Benson

Lucas 20: 20-26 . E eles o observaram – Para uma elucidação deste parágrafo, veja em Mateus 22: 16-22 e Marcos 12: 13-17 ; e enviou espiões, que deveriam fingir-se apenas homens – homens escrupulosamente conscientes em todos os pontos: para que pudessem se apossar de suas palavras – se ele respondesse como esperavam. Mestre, sabemos então que dizemos, & c. – Falar em particular e ensinar em público; o caminho de Deus verdadeiramente – O verdadeiro caminho do dever. Eles não podiam segurar suas palavras diante do povo – Como fizeram depois diante do sinédrio, na ausência do povo, cap. Lucas 22:67 , & c.

Comentário de E.W. Bullinger

is = foi.

o = a: ie o segundo livro, nos Salmos 69:25 .

habitação = fazenda ou casa de campo. Grego. epaulis. Só aqui.

desolado = deserto: ou seja, deixe o lugar que ele adquiriu assim se torne um deserto.

vamos, etc. Literalmente, não haja (grego. Eu.) O morador ( At 1:19 ).

aí = em (grego. en App-104.).

Bispo. Grego. episcópio, o escritório de um episcopos ou superintendente. Ocorre apenas aqui; 19:44 . 1 Timóteo 3: 1 . 1 Pedro 2:12 . Compare Atos 1:17 . Esta é uma citação composta dos Salmos 69:25 e Salmos 109: 8 . App-107.

outro. Grego. heteros. App-124.

levar = receber.

Comentário de Adam Clarke

Pois está escrito no livro dos Salmos – Os lugares geralmente mencionados são o Salmo 69:25 ; : Seja a sua habitação desolada, e ninguém habite nas suas tendas. E Salmo 109: 8 ; : Que seus dias sejam poucos e que outro assuma seu cargo, ????? pekudato , sua administração, seu cargo de visitação ou superintendência, traduzido pela Septuaginta, t?? ep?s??p?? , Vulgata, episcopatum ; e Nós, seguindo ambos, bispado, mas não com propriedade suficiente, pois com certeza o cargo ou cargo de Judas era muito diferente do que chamamos de bispado, o processo, a propriedade e os emolumentos de um bispo. ?p?s??p?? , episcopos , que foi corrompido por nossos ancestrais saxões em bispo e por nós em bispo, significa literalmente um superintendente ou superintendente, de ep? , sobre e s?ept?µa? , eu vejo, uma pessoa que teve a inspeção, supervisão ou superintendência de outras. Os antigos ep?s??p?? eram pessoas que tinham o cuidado de diferentes congregações da Igreja de Cristo; que viajaram, pregaram, aplicaram a disciplina da Igreja e tomaram o cuidado de evitar falsas doutrinas, heresias, etc. Aqueles que ainda merecem esse título, e este é augusto e nobre, andam pela mesma regra e têm a mesma mente. coisa. ?p?s??p?? , episcopus , ou bispo, é um título bíblico e sagrado; foi gloriosamente apoiado na Igreja primitiva; e muitos até os dias atuais não são menos ornamentos para o título, do que o título lhes é ornamental. As melhores defesas da verdade de Deus e da fé protestante estão nas obras dos bispos das igrejas britânicas.

As palavras citadas nos Salmos foram originalmente pronunciadas contra os inimigos de Davi; e como Davi, em certos detalhes, era um tipo de Cristo, as palavras são aplicadas a ele de uma maneira especial que pecou contra sua própria alma e a vida de seu Mestre.

Comentário de Thomas Coke

Atos 1:20 . E seu bispado deixou outra opinião. – E deixe outro tomar seu escritório. Heylin.

Comentário de Scofield

bishoprick

(Grego – ?a?? , liderança ). Veja “anciãos” (Veja Scofield “ Tito 1: 5 “)

Comentário de John Wesley

Pois está escrito no livro do Salmo: Que a sua habitação seja desolada, e ninguém habite nela; e o seu bispado deixe outro tomar.

Seu bispado – isto é, seu apostolado. Salmo 69:25 .