Estudo de Hebreus 11:17 – Comentado e Explicado

Foi pela sua fé que Abraão, submetido à prova, ofereceu Isaac, seu único filho,
Hebreus 11:17

Comentário de Albert Barnes

Pela fé Abraão – O apóstolo havia declarado um exemplo forte da fé de Abraão, e agora ele se refere a um ainda mais notável – a ilustração mais forte da fé, sem dúvida, que já foi evidenciada em nosso mundo.

Quando ele foi julgado – A palavra usada aqui é tornada “tentada”, em Mateus 4: 1 , Mateus 4: 3 ; Mateus 16: 1 ; Mateus 19: 3 ; Mateus 22:18 , Mateus 22:35 , e em vinte e dois outros lugares no Novo Testamento; “Provar”, em João 6: 6 ; “Aconteceu” em Atos 24: 6 ; “Examine”, 2 Coríntios 13: 5 ; e “provado”, em Apocalipse 2: 2 , Apocalipse 2:10 ; Apocalipse 3:10 . Aqui não significa, como costuma acontecer, induzir alguém a levá-lo a fazer algo errado, mas sujeitar sua fé a uma “provação” para testar sua genuinidade e força. O significado aqui é que Abraão foi colocado em circunstâncias que mostravam qual era a verdadeira força de sua confiança em Deus.

Ofereceu Isaac – Ou seja, ele mostrou que estava pronto e disposto a fazer o sacrifício, e o faria se não tivesse sido contido pela voz do anjo; Gênesis 22: 11-12 . No que se refere à intenção de Abraão, o feito foi feito, pois ele havia feito toda a preparação para a oferta e estava prestes a tirar a vida de seu filho.

E aquele que recebeu as promessas ofereceu seu único filho – As promessas particularmente de uma numerosa posteridade. O cumprimento dessas promessas dependia daquele a quem ele estava prestes a oferecer como sacrifício. Se Abraão estivesse cercado de crianças, ou se nenhuma promessa especial de uma numerosa posteridade lhe tivesse sido feita, esse ato não teria sido tão notável. De qualquer forma, teria sido um forte ato de fé; era “especialmente” forte em sua facilidade, devido às circunstâncias em que ele tinha um filho único e que o cumprimento da promessa dependia de sua vida.

Comentário de Joseph Benson

Hebrews 11:17-18 . By faith — Namely, by believing that God would perform his promise of giving him a numerous issue, notwithstanding that the command here referred to seemed to contradict and preclude the performance of it; Abraham, when he was tried — When God made that glorious trial of him, recorded Genesis 22:9-10 ; offered up Isaac —

“In this trial of Abraham’s faith, there was the highest wisdom. For God, to whom all his creatures belong, and who may justly take away the life of any of them by whatever means or instruments he thinks fit, ordered Abraham with his own hands to sacrifice his only son Isaac, in whom all the promises were to be fulfilled, that the greatness of Abraham’s understanding, faith, and piety, becoming conspicuous, future generations might know with what propriety God made him the pattern of the justification of mankind, and the father of all believers, for the purpose of their receiving the promises in him. The sacrifice of Isaac was commanded also for the purpose of being a type of the sacrifice of Christ.” Isaac, indeed, was not sacrificed: but Abraham, in the full resolution of obeying God’s command, proceeded so far as to show that if he had not been hindered by God himself, he would actually have obeyed it. For he bound Isaac, laid him on the altar, stretched forth his hand, and took the knife to slay his son, Genesis 22:10 . Now, though Abraham was restrained from killing Isaac, his firm purpose to offer him was considered by God as equivalent to the actual offering of him, Genesis 22:16 : Because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son. But if Abraham, at God’s command, was willing himself to slay his only son, how much more willing should we be to part with our beloved children and friends when God himself takes them from us by death? And he that had received the promises — That his seed should be as the stars, and should inherit Canaan, and that all the nations of the earth should be blessed in his seed; offered up his only-begotten — Isaac is so called, because Abraham had no other son by Sarah, his legitimate wife; of whom it was expressly said, ( Genesis 21:12 ,) In Isaac shall thy seed be called — From him shall the blessed seed spring; and in him all the promises which I have made to thy seed shall be fulfilled. Observe here, reader, “1st, Faith must be tried; and of all graces it is most suited to trial: 2d, God proportions trials, for the most part, to the strength of faith: 3d, Great trials, in believers, are an evidence of great faith, though not understood, either by themselves or others, before such trials: 4th, Trials are the only touchstone of faith, without which men must want the best evidence of its sincerity and efficacy, and the best way of testifying it to others. Wherefore, 5th, We ought not to be afraid of trials, because of the admirable advantages of faith by them. See James 1:2 ; James 1:4 ; 1 Peter 1:6-7 . And 6th, Let them be jealous over themselves who have had no special instances of the trial of their faith: 7th, True faith, being tried, will in the issue be victorious.” Owen.

Comentário de E.W. Bullinger

tentou = testado.

oferecido = ofereceu.

recebido . Grego. anadechomai. Ver Atos 28: 7 .

oferecido = estava oferecendo.

unigênito . Grego. monogenes. Ver João 1:14 .

Comentário de John Calvin

17. Pela fé Abraão, etc. Ele prossegue com a história de Abraão e relata a oferta de seu filho; e foi um exemplo singular de firmeza, de modo que dificilmente existe outro semelhante a ser encontrado. Por isso, para aprimorá-lo, ele acrescenta, quando foi tentado ou tentado. Abraão de fato já havia provado o que era, por muitas provações; no entanto, como esse julgamento superou todos os outros, o apóstolo gostaria que fosse considerado acima de todos os seus julgamentos. É então como se ele tivesse dito: “A mais alta excelência de Abraão foi o sacrifício de seu filho:” porque se diz que Deus então o experimentou de maneira especial. E, no entanto, esse ato fluiu da fé; então Abraão não teve nada mais excelente que a fé, que produziu frutos tão extraordinários.

A palavra, tentada ou experimentada , não significa outra coisa senão provada. O que Tiago diz, que não somos tentados por Deus, deve ser entendido de maneira diferente ( Tiago 1:13 😉 ele quer dizer que Deus não nos tenta a fazer o mal; pois ele testemunha que isso é realmente feito pela luxúria de cada homem. At the same time he says not that God does not try our integrity and obedience, though God does not thus search us, as if he knew not otherwise what is hid in our hearts; nay, God wants no probation that he may know us; but when he brings us to the light, that we may by our works show what was before hid, he is said to try or prove us; and then that which is made openly manifest, is said to be made known to God. For it is a very usual and frequent mode of speaking in Scripture, that what is peculiar to men is ascribed to God.

The sacrificing of Isaac is to be estimated according to the purpose of the heart: for it was not owing to Abraham that he did not actually perform what he was commanded to do. His resolution to obey was then the same, as though he had actually sacrificed his son.

And offered up his only-begotten Son, etc. By these various circumstances, the Apostle intended to show, how great and how severe the trial of Abraham was; and there are still other things related by Moses, which had the same tendency. Abraham was commanded to take his own son, his only begotten and beloved son Isaac, to lead to the place, which was afterwards to be shown to him, and there to sacrifice him with his own hands. These tender words God seems to have designedly accumulated, that he might pierce the inmost heart of the holy man, as with so many wounds; and then that he might more severely try him, he commanded him to go a threedays’ journey. How sharp, must we think, was his anguish to have continually before his eyes his own son, whom he had already resolved to put to a bloody death! As they were coming to the place, Isaac pierced his breast with yet a new wound, by asking him, “Where is the victim?” The death of a son, under any circumstances, must have been very grievous, a bloody death would have still caused a greater sorrow; but when he was bidden to slay his own, — that indeed must have been too dreadful for a father’s heart to endure; and he must have been a thousand times disabled, had not faith raised up his heart above the world. It is not then without reason, that the apostle records that he was then tried.

It may, however, be asked, why is Isaac called the only begotten, for Ishmael was born before him and was still living. To this the answer is, that by God’s express command he was driven from the family, so that he was accounted as one dead, at least, he held no place among Abraham’s children.

And he that received the promises, etc. All the things we have hitherto related, however deeply they must have wounded the heart of Abraham, yet they were but slight wounds compared with this trial, when he was commanded, after having received the promises, to slay his son Isaac; for all the promises were founded on this declaration, “In Isaac shall thy seed be called,” ( Genesis 21:12 😉 (225) for when this foundation was taken away, no hope of blessing or of grace remained. Here nothing earthly was the matter at issue, but the eternal salvation of Abraham, yea, of the whole world. Into what straits must the holy man have been brought when it came to his mind, that the hope of eternal life was to be extinguished in the person of his son? And yet by faith he emerged above all these thoughts, so as to execute what he was commanded. Since it was a marvelous fortitude to struggle through so many and so great obstacles, justly is the highest praise awarded to faith, for it was by faith alone that Abraham continued invincibly.

But here arises no small difficulty, How is it that Abraham’s faith is praised when it departs from the promise? For as obedience proceeds from faith, so faith from the promise; then when Abraham was without the promise, his faith must have necessarily fallen to the ground. But the death of Isaac, as it has been already said, must have been the death as it were of all the promises; for Isaac is not to be considered as a common man, but as one who had Christ included in him. This question, which would have been otherwise difficult to be solved, the Apostle explains by adding immediately, that Abraham ascribed this honor to God, that he was able to raise his son again from the dead. He then did not renounce the promise given to him, but extended its power and its truth beyond the life of his son; for he did not limit God’s power to so narrow bounds as to tie it to Isaac when dead, or to extinguish it. Thus he retained the promise, because he bound not God’s power to Isaac’s life, but felt persuaded that it would be efficacious in his ashes when dead no less than in him while alive and breathing.

Comentário de Adam Clarke

Abraão, quando foi tentado – Veja a história de toda essa transação explicada em geral nas notas de Gênesis 22: 1-9 .

Ofereceu seu unigênito – Abraão, de fato, ofereceu Isaque; ele construiu um altar, amarrou seu filho, colocou-o sobre o altar, preparou o incenso, pegou a faca e o mataria imediatamente se ele não fosse impedido pela mesma autoridade pela qual o sacrifício era ordenado. Isaac é chamado aqui de seu unigênito, como era o único filho que ele teve por sua esposa legítima, que era herdeira de sua propriedade e herdeira das promessas de Deus. O homem que se mostrou fiel em tal provação merecia ter sua fé e obediência registradas em todo o mundo.

Comentário de Thomas Coke

Hebreus 11:17 . Pela fé, Abraão ofereceu Isaque: – Veja as passagens na margem. Faz parte do escritório de história atribuir as causas dos fatos relacionados. Nesses fatos, portanto, que têm várias causas, das quais o principal não pode ser suficientemente informado, o inferior entra apropriadamente para substituí-lo. Assim, embora seja muito evidente que o principal objetivo do mandamento era revelar a Abraão, pela ação, e não pelas palavras, a redenção da humanidade; todavia, como este era um favor de natureza muito elevada, e conferido a Abraão a seu pedido sincero, era oportuno que ele se aprovasse digno disso por alguma provação proporcional, agradável ao que achamos nas escrituras (ser) o de Deus maneira de lidar com seus servos fiéis. Por esse motivo, portanto, Deus ficou satisfeito, pela própria maneira em que esse mistério foi revelado, de tentar ou tentar Abraão: onde o fazer do próprio favor a prova de seu merecimento, tem toda a elegância e beleza superiores, que é ser concebido apenas nas dispensações da sabedoria divina. Agora, como a principal razão do mandamento não podia ser convenientemente dita pelo historiador sagrado, este inferior do julgamento é designado por ele e pelo apóstolo dele, com impressionante verdade e propriedade. E deve-se observar que a própria maneira de registrar essa razão mostra que é de fato o que foi sugerido, inferior. Pois não se diz que Deus deu essa ordem para tentar Abraão, que expressa uma razão principal; mas que, ao dar o comando, Deus o experimentou, o que implica, no mínimo, um inferior.

Comentário de John Wesley

Pela fé, Abraão, quando foi provado, ofereceu Isaque; e quem recebeu as promessas ofereceu seu único filho,

Pela fé Abraão – Quando Deus fez aquele julgamento glorioso dele.

Ofereceu Isaac – O testamento será aceito como se ele tivesse realmente feito isso.

Sim, aquele que recebeu as promessas – Particularmente essa grande promessa: “Em Isaque será chamada a tua semente”. Ofereceu – Este mesmo filho; o único que ele tinha por Sarah. Gênesis 22: 1 , etc.